Thursday, October 31, 2019
Research summary article on theorist Patricia Benner Essay
Research summary article on theorist Patricia Benner - Essay Example ding, one core fact that cannot be disputed that in most jurisdictions, a person is expected to produce a form of attestation that shows mastery over theory by passing a given examination before accreditation can be given to practice. The question that comes to mind in such an instance therefore is whether Benner held a convincing position with her theory in the primary research titled â€Å"from novice to expert†. In the article by Benner, the researcher emphasized on the relationship between theory and practice and noted that it is possible for expert nurses to develop the skills and understanding needed to undertake critical patient care even when knowledge on theory is minimal. From this assertion, the researcher was able to identify five major levels of nursing proficiency, all of which were largely based on the outcome of practical nursing experience. These stages were novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. In what may be stated to be a perspective opinion, Benner noted that a lot of emphasis can be taken away from theory to practice because practical knowledge comes through research and that theory is only manifested as a characterization of practice. By implication, the researcher opined that theory is not sufficient to bring effective practice but through field practice, a person is able to get the fundamental â€Å"know how†of clinical experience. Based on the synopsis that has been given about the primary research by Benner, an immediate conclusion that can be given is that most parts of the world have not embraced her theory because without theoretical competence, it is very difficult for a person to be accredited to practice as a nurse. From a personal position, it would be said that as much as it will be agreed that a person can gain more experience whiles practicing nursing, the need for period updating of one’s theoretical knowhow cannot be underestimated. This is because the health sector is one that is highly technical
Monday, October 28, 2019
University of Cambridge Essay Example for Free
University of Cambridge Essay Milton started to attend this College at the age of sixteen in 1625. Earlier he had learned at the St Paul’s school. He really appreciated the atmosphere at that school and intellectual level of his friends. In contrast he felt very disappointed with university life, because of the fact that he couldn’t find similar friend as he had in his earlier school. He was an outsider and that’s why he got a nickname from his fellow undergraduates ‘The Lady of Christ’s College†but in reality girls were not allowed to study there. Even though he didn’t have a good relationships with his friends, he felt that the tutors respected him. It was interesting to read about daily life at the university in 17th century. Students had to get up early because at 5 a.m. there was a service in Chapel. At this College the religious life was very important and that’s why parents of John Milton sent him there. Lectures started at 7 o’clock after breakfast and finished at 10.30 a.m. There was a dinner at 11.00 and the second service at 6 p.m. just before the supper. In the mid-seventeenth century the free main subjects were taught at this University: logic, rhetoric and philosophy. In those days all students had to learn the same subjects, there wasn’t any specialization and they didn’t have any choice. Students were also obliged to speak Latin. They didn’t take exams as it is nowadays but they had to make speeches and debates. The slides gave me an imagination about the university buildings and architecture. The most of it was made of stone but there were also some parts made of wood for instance Rat’s Hall which was intended for a students’ rooms. I know that the university had a small library and a chapel. To sum up, thanks to this virtual tour I had an opportunity to compare the university life in mid-seventeenth century to the present one. In my opinion our education and the way of teaching and learning is entirely different from Miltons times.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Democracy And Electoral Process In Nigeria Politics Essay
Democracy And Electoral Process In Nigeria Politics Essay The wave of decolonisation after World War II has led to a number of Third World nations, attempting to govern themselves through Western-style democratic Institutions. Almost all of them have failed. There have been various theories of democratic stability and explanations of democratic failure. In general, these theories agree that poor nations, with massive socio economic development needs and high popular expectation: as poorly integrated nations, with deep ethnic divisions; and as politically underdeveloped nations, with fragile party system, weak administrative bureaucracies, and little experience with the give-and-take of large representative institutions, Third world nations, at their present levels of development, have little realistic hope of sustaining democratic institutions. According to Diamond (1988) the democratic renaissance in Africa has been led by the continents wealthiest and most populous nation, Nigeria. There was huge expectation after the return of power to civilian elected government in 1979, after thirteen years of military rule. This was to be a crucial test of liberal democracy in Africa (Sklar 1982). The system collapsed in less than four years as a result of massive corruption, mismanagement and electoral violence and fraud. This led to the military coup of 1983. Democracy is defined as a political system which meets three essential conditions, namely, meaningful and extensive competition among individuals and political parties; a highly inclusive level of political participation in the selection of leaders and policies; and a level of civil and political liberties sufficient to ensure the integrity of political competition and participation. Other concepts related to these are democratic stability, the likelihood of its enduring over time, particularly through periods of unusual conflict, strain and crisis. Democratic theorists stress the peculiar degree to which the stability of democracy depends on a widespread belief in its legitimacy. Democracy as it is practised in Western nations such as the united States usually involve a thorough process of contestant selections. This culminates in the primaries within individual parties. In this system, the party candidate is picked based on the acceptance of the individuals manifesto. There is also party loyalty and candidates do not defect to other parties or form entirely new ones if they do not win the primaries. In such systems, the total funds raised by each candidate are also monitored. This system is also transparent and voters are confident in the system to ensure that the best candidate wins. Democracy and Electoral process in Nigeria According to J. Herskovits (1979), Nigeria rejected Britains parliamentary form of democracy which they had continued after independence in 1960 and chose the first wholly Nigerian-made constitution, to follow the American model instead. This choice was made with characteristic pragmatism: Nigeria, like the United States, is large, complex, and heterogeneous. There was therefore the notion that What works for America may work for Nigeria. Nigerias form of government looks familiar to the American style as the president has a four year term and has a possibility of a second term. The national assembly is bicameral, with a senate and a house of representatives distributed among the states by population. There is also the apex judiciary court known as the Supreme Court. Nigerias transition towards democracy has only begun. The re-establishment of an elected government after decades of military rule in 1999 formed merely a starting point in a transition process towards a democratic society-a transition that can be expected to take many years. Democratic government in its full sense comprises a wide area of issues; a very important one among them is the creation of accountable institutions (Harneit-Sievers 2004). Political parties form another core group of institutions in any functioning democratic system. Under current Nigerian conditions, however, most political parties are merely zero-issue alliances of influential individuals and small groups who are able to control; and, often enough manipulate party structures, candidacies and even the electoral process itself. In Nigeria, a major issue impeding democracy is the selection process of political office holders. This is because so far, the country has been unable to hold free, fair and credible elections. The 2003 elections were billed as a landmark as it was the first time since independence in 1960 that political leadership changed hands from one civilian to another (Herskovits 2007). The election results showed overwhelming victories for the ruling party, PDP as the presidential winner received 70 percent of the votes. According to international and domestic observers alike, the elections themselves were disastrous with even more rigging and violence than during the previous presidential elections in 1999. The run up to the elections also witnessed the assassination of two gubernatorial front runners and violent election related incidents. Based on how expensive partisan politics is in Nigeria, governments at all levels will rather starve other sector than lave their electoral ambition to suffer funding. This is apart from the fact that in most places, governance has almost been suspended for scheming ahead of the polls. As a result, Nigerians may therefore have to wait till elections are completed to enjoy several social amenities promised during the last tenure. The electoral process has also witnessed legal challenges as contestants take election winners to court to contest such results. A memorable case of this is the Osun State elections which were overruled after three and half years. The election result stated that the incumbent governor, Oyinlola won the elections. The opposition took the election result to court. During the investigation process, it was discovered using biometric machine that several people has voted up to 30 times each for the incumbent governor. The court therefore asked that this votes be cancelled. This led to the opposition candidate Raufu Aregbesola becoming the governor. As a result of almost four years of uncertainty in the state, local and foreign investors lost confidence in the state. As a result, several companies already operating in the state closed and moved to other states. This led to massive retrenchment and increased unemployment in the state. It also caused a reduction in state revenue generated. The electoral process in Nigeria has a negative impact on the country in general. This is because revenue that could be used to provide infrastructure needed by business are used for funding elections. This has led to continuous borrowing and deficit budget for year 2011. The total budget for the 2011 elections released by INEC was put at N89billion ($659million). In the federal budget for 2011, another N46.4 billion has been allocated to the same elections. Indeed, the total budgetary allocation for elections is about N133 billion naira. It is important to state that INECs budget for 2011 dwarfs the budget of most states of the federation. Osun state has budget of N88.1 billion, Kwara state N68.6 billion and Edo has a budget of N106 billion. It is also important to note that this would be funded by government borrowing. When compared to other developing countries such as Bangladesh, India and Ghana, the cost on per capita basis in Nigeria was more than double. INECs N74 billion on v oters register amounts to N1, 138 per capita for 65 million registered voters. Ghana conducted its 2008 elections at the cost of $40million which amounts to $3 per capita. The instability caused by flawed elections has led to a threat to foreign investment. As a developing country, Nigeria required foreign investment to survive. The use of large sums of revenue for funding elections rather than developing infrastructure necessary for investment makes the country less desirable to investors. As a result, there is lack of confidence in the country. The political violence and killings have also affected the countrys image abroad. There is also a threat to security as assassination of political aspirants and kidnap of their families is becoming rampant. Recently, the government has taken various measures to ensure free and fair elections in Nigeria. This was affirmed by the sack of former INEC boss, Maurice Iwu who was widely accused of corruption and complacency in electoral result manipulation. The new INEC boss, Jega has committed to ensuring a free and fair election in the country. There has also been the amendment of the electoral law in Nigeria in order to further curb the widespread election rigging in the country. Conclusion The issue of political instability has affected the activities of multinational companies in Nigeria; the oil companies in the oil rich delta where kidnap is rampant have been seriously affected. Most multinational companies are currently closing their business and relocating to other countries with more favourable environment and required infrastructure. The level of uncertainty and instability disrupts the profit hunt and causes inability to meet corporate targets. In the political foyer, some groups have been neglected which is not a practice of true democracy as power is been controlled by the dominant party with large resources. In order to reduce the problem of election rigging, Nigeria has to be firm in its commitment to providing free and fair election. This goes beyond paying lip service. The INEC also should be given more powers in order to prevent it been manipulated by the government. There is also the increased need for foreign observers to train and sensitise INEC officials and also to monitor elections.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Operations Management Essay -- essays research papers
Operations Management Operations management focuses on managing the processes of producing and distributing products and services. Operations activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. It deals with all operations within the organization. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â In operation management a great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Efficiency is when processes are being completed at the lowest cost possible. Effectiveness is having the right processes that will create the most value for the company. In addition, operations processes depend solely on the decisions made by management. When management makes decisions, the concept of ethics comes in to play. Managers who fail to provide leadership and incorporate systems that facilitate ethical conduct share responsibility with those who knowingly benefit from corporate misdeeds. Executives who ignore ethics run the risk of personal and corporate liability. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â One example would be Bank of America (BofA), the bank that I currently bank with. BofA has begun operations of combining ... Operations Management Essay -- essays research papers Operations Management Operations management focuses on managing the processes of producing and distributing products and services. Operations activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. It deals with all operations within the organization. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â In operation management a great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Efficiency is when processes are being completed at the lowest cost possible. Effectiveness is having the right processes that will create the most value for the company. In addition, operations processes depend solely on the decisions made by management. When management makes decisions, the concept of ethics comes in to play. Managers who fail to provide leadership and incorporate systems that facilitate ethical conduct share responsibility with those who knowingly benefit from corporate misdeeds. Executives who ignore ethics run the risk of personal and corporate liability. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â One example would be Bank of America (BofA), the bank that I currently bank with. BofA has begun operations of combining ...
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
2×2 Switch Simulation in Matlaab
2Ãâ€"2 Packet Switch Simulation Using Matlab Interim Report Contention, output-buffer, queuing process, analytical analysis, simulation Student Name: Deniz Ozdemir Email: [email protected] qmul. ac. u Supervisor: Dr John Schormans Deniz Ozdemir ec09502 Interim report Contents Page 1. 1 Aim 1. 2 Methodology 1. 3 Objectives 2. Background 2. 1 Performance Evaluation 2. 1. 1 Measurement 2. 1. 2 Analysis/Simulation 2. 2 Packet Switched Networks 3. Introduction 4. Theory 4. 1 Queuing Theory 4. 1. 1 Queuing Model 4. 1. 1. 1 Concept of a queuing model 4. . 2 Queuing theory notation 4. 1. 3 The M/M/1 Queue 4. 1. 4 The M/D/1 Queue 4. 2 Switching 4. 2. 1 Switching Concept 4. 2. 1. 1 Internal Link Blocking 4. 2. 1. 2 Output Port Contention 4. 2. 1. 3 Head Of Line Blocking 4. 2. 2 Time Between Arrivals 4. 2. 3 Counting Arrivals 4. 2. 4 The Queuing Behaviour Of Packets In Output Buffers 4. 2. 4. 1 Calculating The State Probability Distribution 5. Analytical /Simulation Results 5. 1 2Ãâ€"2 Swi tch 5. 1. 1 Analytical Results 5. 1. 2 Simulation Results 5. 2 4Ãâ€"4 Switch 5. 2. 1 Analytical Results 5. 2. Simulation Results 5. 3 8Ãâ€"8 Switch 5. 3. 1 Analytical Results 5. 3. 2 Simulation Results 5. 4 16Ãâ€"16 Switch 5. 4. 1 Analytical Results 5. 4. 2 Simulation Results 6. Conclusion 7. Project Management 7. 1 Risk Analysis 7. 2 Gant Chart 8. References 9. Appendix 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 7 9 9 9 9 11 11 13 14 14 15 15 15 17 19 19 20 22 22 23 25 25 26 28 28 28 28 28 29 1 Deniz Ozdemir ec09502 Interim report 2Ãâ€"2 Packet Switch Simulation Using Matlab 1. Aim Build a simple 2Ãâ€"2 packet switch simulation using Matlab and study its performance 1. 2 Methodology ? Test out simulation on fundamental 2Ãâ€"2 switch element. ? Then expand it. 1. 3 Objectives ? Learn about Matlab. ? Learn about simulation. ? Build simple test model and try it. ? Build 2Ãâ€"2 element in Matlab. ? Simulate results. ? Process results. ? Simulate any new results required. ? Write report. 2. Background 2. 1 Performance Evaluation When networks are designed, the goal of the performance evaluation is that to determine the best effect of the equipment sed. Methods for performance evaluation are measurement techniques , analysis and simulation. [3] 2. 1. Measurement For measurement methods real networks are used for experimentation. The advantage of direct measurement of network performance is that no detail of network operation is excluded but experience hard to test performance limits. Customers won’t like it when you crash the system. [3] 2. 1. 2 Analysis/ Simulation In comparing analysis and simulation, the main factors to consider are the accuracy of results, the time to produce results, and the overall cost of using the method. Advantage of analytical solutions is that they are quite good fit to reality and produces results quickly. However assumptions required to define equations and parameters and they can be very complex. Simulation provides system representation to required precision. However simulation can be time and cost demanding. [3] 2 Deniz Ozdemir ec09502 Interim report 2. 2 Packet Switched Networks In a packet switched network all nodes interconnected by directed links. Packets are routed independently. Packets enter the network at a specific node where they may be queued in a buffer to wait for an outgoing channel to become free. This continued in a hop by hop manner until the packets finally arrive at their destination. Packets may arrive the same destination by taking different routes. That increases efficiency of transmission resources. Also queued packets in the buffer will cause a variable delay and throughput, depending on traffic load. Basic network is shown in figure 1. [1] Figure 1: Packet Switched Network 3. Introduction Contention in a switch affects the performance of a switch. To prevent this some switching techniques are developed. One of the most common switching techniques is the one with output-buffered switch. In this report, queuing process of performance evaluation, for such a switch is done analytically first than simulation analysis is done using Matlab. In the end of the report comparison of two results is done. 4. Theory 4. 1 Queuing Theory Analysis of the queuing process is basic and essential part of the performance evaluation. Because queues are form in a network when there is a high demand on limited resources. 4. 1. 1 Queuing Model Packets arrive at a queuing system to be served for a certain time. If service is not immediately available they wait for service in a storage area (buffer). After a certain length of time, they are served and leave the system. Basic queuing system is shown in figure 2. 3 Deniz Ozdemir ec09502 Interim report Figure 2: Schematic diagram for a single server queuing system [3] Also basic queuing relationship is shown in table below General q=?. W=?. = + Table 1: Basic queuing relationship Single Server ? =?. q=W+? 4. 1. 1. 1 Concept Of A Queuing Model Let N (t) be the number of packets waiting in the queue plus the one who is being served (1,2,3). A series of packets arrive at instants T1
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
14 Free Apps That Will Make You Incredibly Productive
14 Free Apps That Will Make You Incredibly Productive Doug Aamoth, writing for FastCompany, has done the hard work of sorting through the dozens of apps that promise to make your life easier to uncover the ones that actually can make your life easier! Here’s our roundup of the top 14 apps to have at your fingertips to maximize productivity and minimize chaos! Emails and CommunicationsBoomerangThis easy-to-integrate app is essentially a snooze button for your email. You can dismiss an email from your inbox and set a time for it to return later, write a draft response at 1 am and schedule it to send right as you walk into the office, or set reminders to reply at a more reasonable hour. The free version gives you 10 email interactions a month.Burner and MailDropThis one is so neat- it generates disposable phone numbers (or email accounts) that you can use whenever you need to make a number publicly available (without leaving your own precious digits visible for mass consumption. MailDrop is a no-frills temporary email address that disappears after 24 inactive hours; it’s great for Craigslist or promotional blasts.CordChances are if you have the Apple iOS, you’ve accidentally mashed that little microphone button and sent an audio snippet from the inside of your pocket. Cord helps you do that on purpose and with a group- you can send 12-second voice messages back and forth with ease.Group MeCreate and disband on-the-go private chat rooms when you need to chat with a group of people at once (and then make them stop flooding your text inbox with emoji conversations).VoxerThis converts your phone into a walkie-talkie without the strenuous button pushing or limited 30-foot radius for maintaining a connection. You can also leave voice messages in case they miss your rendezvous.Scheduling and MeetingsMeekanThis group scheduling app identifies available meeting times with just a list of participant emails, accommodates multiple time zones, and coordinates with existing calendars.PreziMany of my stud ents used Prezi instead of Powerpoint this summer- it made me feel old. Retain your youth and relevancy by learning how to use this cloud-based presentation tool! It lets you stream to remote attendees and post public presentations.ToolsCCleanerFor six months I had a defunct wireless client pop up whenever I booted up my Mac asking permission to run itself; I couldn’t seem to figure out where to uninstall it! CCleaner to the rescue! It will speed up your computer by deleting the flotsam and jetsam left behind in upgrades, file transfers, and browsing.CanvasI am a sucker for an easily customizable form app. From invoices to other frequently used workplace templates, Canvas lets you make and share them easily.PostfityIf your business or your personal brand relies heavily on social media (which†¦ it should), an app like Postfity may help you manage the myriad channels of posts and content you want to space out evenly. It has a scheduling tool and a linking functionality so you can share the same thing everywhere, or diversify your media presence.(PSA: don’t have Twitter and Instagram post verbatim to your Facebook. Schedule slightly different content for each feed. Your family, friends, and colleagues will appreciate it).OnavoMaybe you’re constantly going back and forth with how much data you think you’ll use versus how much you actually use. Onavo can help! It will not only help track usage, but will also compress files accordingly to save your data mileage for the cat gifs that really count.SyncSpaceWho doesn’t love a virtual whiteboard? It never gets old! It has everything but the marker fumes, lets you and your team collaborate on a shared visual document, then emails the changes around later.BreatherImagine AirBnb and ZipCar had a baby that let you hold meetings in it. Breather identifies available workspaces around cities like New York, San Francisco, Boston, Montreal, and Ottowa; your phone will unlock your insta-off ice for a half hour at a time so you can meet with clients, charge your phone, or just put your feet up before dashing off to the next appointment.BRB scheduling a Breather to present my latest Prezi- everybody check their Voxer messages!
Monday, October 21, 2019
Words to Use Instead of Said
Words to Use Instead of Said Its common to use the verb say over and over again when writing dialogue. Not only is he said she said repetitive, but its also not very descriptive. To better describe the feelings behind the reported speech and other statements in narrative writing, its important to use vocal verbs and adverbs. Vocal verbs and adverbs help provide motivation behind statements, questions, and replies and convey important information to readers. Each vocal verb and vocal adverb has a short description of typical usage, as well as an example statement illustrating how to replace he said she said with something much more descriptive. Vocal Verbs Vocal verbs provide information on the tone of the statement. For example, the vocal verb moan indicates that something is said in a complaining fashion in a low voice. These vocal verbs are grouped by a general indication of the type of statement made. Speaking Suddenly blurtexclaimgaspsnap Examples: Alison blurted out the answer.Jack gasped in reaction to the scene.I snapped a quick response to his question. Providing Advice or an Opinion advisearguecautionnoteobservewarn Examples: Pete cautioned the children to be careful.The teacher observed that the exercise was difficult.The driver warned his passengers about the noise. Being Loud exclaimbellowcallcryscreamshoutyell Examples: She shouted out the answer.The boys screamed as they dived into the cold water.The mother cried out in disdain when her son was accused of the crime. Complaining The following four vocal verbs are often used to describe someone complaining: groanmoanmumblemutter Examples: Jack mumbled his responses to the questions.He muttered so badly that they couldnt understand him.I moaned that I was hurt. Speaking with Authority or Command announceassertorder Examples: The teacher announced the exam at the end of the week.Jane asserted her rights as a voter.The police ordered the protesters away from the area. Vocal Adverbs Vocal verbs provide information on the manner in which the statement is made. Vocal adverbs are often used to provide additional information on the feeling that the speaker has when making a statement. For example, the vocal adverb joyfully indicates that something is said with great joy. For example, He joyfully exclaimed the news! indicates that the speaker is happy when making the statement. Compare this to He arrogantly exclaimed the news, which conveys very different information about the speaker. Common Vocal Adverbs admiringly: indicates respect for someoneExample:Alice admiringly noticed his clothes. angrily: indicates angerExample:She angrily denounced his crimes. casually: without much importanceExample:She casually conceded her mistake. cautiously: in a careful mannerExample:She cautiously mentioned the extra homework. cheerfully: indicates joy, happinessExample:Frank cheerfully agreed to do the job. decisively: indicates a belief in the statement madeExample:Ken decisively replied to the question. defiantly: indicates a challenge to somethingExample:Peter defiantly taunted his classmates. formally: proper, through official channelsExample:Josh formally complained to the personnel department. harshly: indicates critical judgmentExample:The teacher harshly scolded the children. meekly: indicates quietness, shynessExample:Jennifer meekly mumbled her apology. offensively: indicates rudenessExample:Alan offensively argued his point about schooling. sternly: indicates authorityExample:The teacher sternly stated that all reports were due on Friday. thankfully: indicates gratitudeExample:Jane thankfully accepted the job offer. wisely: indicates experience or intelligenceExample:Angela wisely commented on the situation.
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